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J.T.W. tutorial 8: loops and accessing functions and class variables from another class

§ 8 Tutorial 8

Question 8.1: Study, compile and run the following code which resides in a file called Box.jtw. Notice the use of System.out.print() to print without a trailing newline and System.out.println() to print with a trailing newline. The ln part tells you this.

class Box 
begin 
   function void square(int n) 
   begin 
      for (var int y=0; y<n; y=y+1) 
      begin 
         for (var int x=0; x<n; x=x+1) 
         begin 
            if ((x == 0) or (x == n-1) or (y == 0) or (y == n-1)) 
            then System.out.print("#"); 
            else System.out.print(" "); 
         end 
         System.out.println(); 
      end 
   end 
   beginMain 
      square(5); 
   endMain 
end

Notice that here is the output of the above code for different values of the n parameter:

n=1	#
n=2	## ##
n=3	### # # ###
n=4	#### # # # # ####
n=5	##### # # # # # # #####

Question 8.2: By copying the pattern established in the above code, write a new function square2 that generates the following output. Note that you will need to remove some of the or clauses in the square method above to get the following output:

n=1	#
n=2	## ##
n=3	### ###
n=4	#### ####
n=5	##### #####

Question 8.3: By copying the pattern established in the above code, write a now function square3 that generates the following output:

n=1	#
n=2	## ##
n=3	# # # # # #
n=4	# # # # # # # #
n=5	# # # # # # # # # #

Question 8.4: Study, compile and run the following code which resides in a file called Box.java:

class Box 
begin 
   function void x(int n) 
   begin 
      for (var int y=0; y<n; y=y+1) 
      begin 
         for (var int x=0; x<n; x=x+1) 
         begin 
            if ((x == y) or (x == n-1-y)) then System.out.print("#"); 
            else System.out.print(" "); 
         end 
         System.out.println(); 
      end 
   end 
   beginMain 
      x(5); 
   end 
end

Notice that here is the output of the above code for different values of the n parameter:

n=1	#
n=2	## ##
n=3	# # # # #
n=4	# # ## ## # #
n=5	# # # # # # # # #

Question 8.5: By copying the pattern established in the above code, write a now function x2 that generates the following output. Note that you will need to remove one of the or clauses in the x method above to get the following output:

n=1	#
n=2	# #
n=3	# # #
n=4	# # # #
n=5	# # # # #

Question 8.6: By copying the pattern established in the above code, write a now function x3 that generates the following output. Note that you will need to remove one of the or clauses in the x method above to get the following output:

n=1	#
n=2	# #
n=3	# # #
n=4	# # # #
n=5	# # # # #

Question 8.7: Study, compile and run the following code which resides in a file called Box.java:

class Box 
begin 
   function void triangle(int n) 
   begin 
      for (var int y=0; y<n; y=y+1) 
      begin 
         for (var int x=0; x<n; x=x+1) 
         begin 
            if (x<y) 
            then System.out.print("#"); 
            else System.out.print(" "); 
         end 
         System.out.println(); 
      end 
   end 
   beginMain 
      triangle(5); 
   endMain 
end

Notice that here is the output of the above code for different values of the n parameter:

n=1	#
n=2	# ##
n=3	# ## ###
n=4	# ## ### ####
n=5	# ## ### #### #####

Question 8.8: By copying the pattern established in the above code, write a now function triangle2 that generates the following output. Note that you will need to change the if clause in the triangle method above to get the following output:

n=1	#
n=2	## #
n=3	### ## #
n=4	#### ### ## #
n=5	##### #### ### ## #

Question 8.9: Write a now function called box that generates the following output. Note that you will need to modify the triangle method above to get the following output:

n=1	#
n=2	## ##
n=3	### ### ###
n=4	#### #### #### ####
n=5	##### ##### ##### ##### #####

Question 8.10: Add the following code to Box.java:

class Grid 
begin 
   /** The dimensions of the array named: array. */ 
   classVar int size  = 20; 

   /* NOTE: the array below is a two-dimensional array */ 
   classVar boolean[][] array = new boolean[SIZE][SIZE]; 

   function void set(int x, int y, boolean v) 
   begin 
      if (x>=0 and x<size and y>=0 and y<size) then 
      begin 
         array[x][y] = v; 
      end 
   end 

   function void print(int size) 
   begin 
      for (var int y=0; y<size; y=y+1) 
      begin 
         for (var int x=0; x<size; x=x+1) 
         begin 
            if (array[x][y]) 
            then System.out.print("#"); 
            else System.out.print(" "); 
         end 
         System.out.println(); 
      end 
      System.out.println(); // prints an empty line between shapes 
   end 
end

Question 8.11: The following question will guide you through the process of making the drawing algorithm more powerful. Instead of printing the shapes directly to the screen, they will be stored in an array to be printed out only when the array has been completely set. You don't need to know a great deal about arrays to answer the remaining questions of this section as the array code has been written for you in the Grid class above. For every call to System.out.println() in Box.java, replace it with a call to the set method of the Grid class. Note that the third parameter in the set method is of type boolean, that is to say it can be either true or false. To call a function of another class you need to prefix the name of the class like so: Grid.set(/* argument values */). Finally at the end of all of the functions in the Box class except for the main function you will need to call the print(int) method of the Grid class to actually print out the array.

Question 8.12: Re-initialize the boolean array array named array from the main function of the Box class. HINT: to access a class variable from another class, you need to prefix it with the name of its class name, in this case it is Grid. Re-initialize the array variable to a two-dimensional array of dimensions 100 x 100. Also set the size variable to 100 so that the functions of the Grid class still work.

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